公平与惩罚价格对第三方惩罚需求的影响

为了探讨第三方惩罚的影响因素，分析个体在不同公平情境下面临不同的惩罚成本时会采取怎样的第三方惩罚行为，本研究以171名大学生为被试，采用2×2的混合实验设计，通过设置高低两种不公平情境和3种惩罚价格，对被试的第三方惩罚需求进行实验研究。结果显示，个体的第三方惩罚需求都有随着惩罚价格的升高而降低的趋势；不公平程度显著影响第三方惩罚需求。研究表明，惩罚成本显著影响个体的第三方惩罚的实施；在低不公平情境中，被试面对不同惩罚成本时其第三方惩罚行为之间无显著差异，即各种惩罚成本下出现第三方惩罚行为的可能性均较小；而在高不公平情境中，被试面对不同惩罚成本时的第三方惩罚行为之间差异显著，惩罚成本越低出现第三方惩罚的可能性越大。

The Influence of Unfairness and Punishment Price to the Demand of Third-party Punishment

In order to explore the factors influencing the third-party punishment and analyze what kind of punitive behavior one would take under the circumstances of unfair and prices of punishment, the present study conducted a 2×3 mixed design experiment with 171 college students as subjects to explore their demand of third-party punishment under two levels of unfairness and three levels of punitive prices. The results showed that subjects′ demand of third-party punishment would decline with the rise of the punitive price. The degree of unfairness would significantly influence the third-party punishment. The study found that third-party punishment was significantly influenced by the punitive price. In low unfairness condition, there was no difference in third-party punishment behavior between different punitive prices. The probability of the behavior was very low. In high unfairness condition, there was significant difference in third-party punishment behavior between different punitive prices. The lower the punitive price, the higher probability of third-party punishment behavior.