聚焦“缺失”对当下幸福体验的影响

人们的幸福体验与其关注的焦点密切相关。研究1采用图形聚焦范式,结果发现个体在情绪体验中出现聚焦缺失的聚焦错觉现象,聚焦缺失组个体的总体幸福体验低于非聚焦缺失组;研究2通过启动范式操纵被试的聚焦缺失程度,结果发现,高聚焦缺失个体的情绪幸福比低聚焦缺失的个体更低。2个研究结果发现:聚焦缺失是导致人们低幸福体验的根源,聚焦缺失使人们高估缺失所占整个生活比例,出现"缺失放大"现象。研究将聚焦错觉从"情感预测偏差"领域拓展至"当下幸福体验"领域,同时从聚焦"实物类匮乏"跨越到聚焦"抽象性缺失感",并初步揭示出"缺失放大"机制,未来或可进一步探讨聚焦缺失影响幸福体验的"缺失放大"机制。

The effect of focusing missing on instant happy experience

Based on the theory of resource scarcity and focusing illusion,we used two studies to test whether focusing missing affects instant feelings of happiness.In Study 1,we adopted the graphical focusing task to examine the relationship between the focusing missing and instant happy experience.The results showed that compared with the no-focusing missing group,focusing missing participants who preferred to choose missing pictures to represent their current life were easier to experience focusing missing phenomenon.In Study 2,we used the priming method to examine the impact of focusing missing on instant happy experience.Through the manipulation of focusing missing level,the results showed that compared to low focusing missing,high focusing missing makes one's emotional happiness much lower.Initially,it has also been proved that one usually overestimates the proportion of missing in the whole life,and it exists the phenomenon of "amplification of missing".Unlike former focusing illusion researches focus on affective forecasting bias,we make a further step on instant happy experience.Meanwhile,its focus is to transfer from "material scarcity" to "abstract missing".In conclusion,the results suggest that focusing missing will influence individual happy experience,and missing amplification effect may occur as a consequence.