儿童数概念发展的影响因素:表面相似性效应与标签效应

本研究主要考查表面相似性效应和标签效应对60名3～5岁儿童数概念发展的影响。实验通过等量匹配任务和数量比较任务测查儿童数概念的发展情况,其中等量匹配任务和数量比较任务都包括了一致和不一致两种条件以考查表面相似性效应对儿童数概念的影响,并通过给物取数任务、给数取物任务和等量匹配任务与数量比较任务的关系测查儿童使用数字标签的能力对儿童数概念形成与发展的影响。结果表明:(1)4岁和5岁组儿童完成等量匹配任务和数量比较任务的正确率显著高于3岁组儿童;(2)儿童在一致条件下完成等量匹配和数量比较任务的正确率显著高于不一致条件的正确率,表明物体的高表面相似性有利于儿童数概念的形成;(3)擅长使用数字标签的儿童完成等量匹配任务和数量比较任务的次数超过几率水平,使用数字标签有利于儿童数概念的发展。

Factors Influencing Children's Numerical Development:Surface Similarity Effect and Shared Labels Effect

This study explored how surface similarity effect and shared labels effect influenced the performance of 60 children aged 3 to 5 on the numerical equivalence task and numerical comparison task.This study tried to examine whether and how the surface similarity effect affected children's performance on two different experimental conditions,congruent vs.incongruent.Further,it was hypothesized that give-objects task would have more advantages over give-a-number task in test number labels.The following conclusions were drawn:(1)the 4-year-olds and 5-year-olds performed significantly better on the numerical equivalence task and numerical comparison task than 3-year-olds did;(2)when surface similarity was congruent(i.e.,all sets contained the same objects),children performed significantly better than they did on the incongruent condition of numerical equivalence and comparison; (3)children who understood the number words for the target sets performed above chance in the equivalence task and comparisons task.