儿童社会观点采择的发展及其子类型间的差异的研究

对幼儿园大班至小学阶段的４２５名儿童施以认知和情感两类观点采择测验，考察儿童社会观点采择发展的一般趋势以及两类观点采择的发展趋势及水平上的差异。结果发现：６岁左右儿童在准确推断他人观点方面还存在较大困难。６—１０岁左右是儿童社会观点采择能力快速发展的时期。１０岁左右儿童已能根据环境信息较准确推断他人的观点：儿童认知观点采择与情感观点采择能力的发展趋势基本一致，但后者的发展水平极显著地落后于前者。

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN'S SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE TAKING AND THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SUBTYPES

Measures of both cognitive and affective perspective taking were administered on 425 children respectively from the top grade of kindergarten and grade2,4, 6 of elementary school, in an effort to explore thegeneral developmental tendencies of children's socialperspective taking and the possible developmental differences between these two subtypes. It was found thatthd 6--year olds still had difficulties in making correctinference ofothers' perspectives,while the 10-year oldswere able to do so, Children's cognitive perspectivetaking developed in a way that basically paralleled affective perspective taking,but the development of children's ability of the later significantly laged behind theformer.