Differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on speed and accuracy of cognition: A meta-analytical investigation |
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| Institution: | 1. Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia;2. Grupo de Investigación Movimiento Corporal Humano, Facultad de Enfermería y Rehabilitación, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia;3. Grupo GICAEDS. Programa de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá, Colombia;4. Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, USACH, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile;5. PROFITH ¨PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity¨ Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, School of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain;6. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Avda de la Ilustración, s/n, (18016), Granada 18071, Spain;2. GSK Human Performance Lab, Brentford, United Kingdom;3. Water Research Group, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa |
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| Abstract: | The primary purpose of this study was to examine, using meta-analytical techniques, the differential effects of differing intensities of acute exercise on speed and accuracy of cognition. Overall, exercise demonstrated a small, significant mean effect size (g = 0.14, p < 0.01) on cognition. Examination of the comparison between speed and accuracy dependent variables showed that speed accounted for most of the effect. For speed, moderate intensity exercise demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size than those for low and high intensities. For speed of processing during moderate intensity exercise, central executive tasks showed a larger effect size than recall and alertness/attention tasks; and mean effect size for counterbalanced or randomized studies was significantly greater than for studies in which a pre-exercise followed by during or post-exercise protocol was used. There was no significant difference between mean effect sizes when testing took place post-exercise compared to during exercise for speed but accuracy studies demonstrated a significantly larger mean effect size post-exercise. It was concluded that increased arousal during moderate intensity exercise resulted in faster speed of processing. The very limited effect on accuracy may be due to the failure to choose tests which are complex enough to measure exercise-induced changes in accuracy of performance. |
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