西方志愿者行为研究述评

志愿者行为是在组织背景下, 个体经过深思熟虑之后, 自愿对主动寻求帮助的对象实施的一种长期且无偿的帮助行为; 其形成和发展可以用功能理论、特质理论和多因素模型来解释。志愿者行为的测量工具主要有志愿功能量表、志愿精神问卷和志愿者行为问卷。研究者对人口统计学特征、人格变量、动机变量及组织因素等志愿者行为的前因变量及志愿者身心健康、社会收益等志愿者行为的结果变量的探讨比较深入, 但在概念明晰、理论整合、测量工具、取样探索等方面还有待进一步研究。

A Review of Research on Volunteering

Volunteering refers to an individual＇s long term helping behavior without compensation conducted willingly for the active help seeker after deliberation in the context of an organization. Its formation and development can be explained by Function Theory, Trait-based paradigm, and Multi-factors model. Volunteering can be measured mainly by Volunteer Functions Inventory, Volunteerism Questionnaire and Volunteering Questionnaire. Investigators has made an deep exploration on the antecedents of Volunteering such as demographic variables, personality variables, motive variables and organizational factors, as well as the consequences of it including volunteers＇ physical and mental health and social earnings. However, a further research is still needed on clarification of the definition, integration of theories, measuring and sampling.