Cognitive Abilities of Elite Nationally Ranked SCRABBLE and Crossword Experts |
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| Authors: | Michael Toma Diane F. Halpern Dale E. Berger |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA;2. The Minerva Schools at Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Theoretical models of working memory suggest that the simultaneous processing and storage of information is carried out either as separate or binded mechanisms. We explored working memory capacity and strategy in two elite groups of experts to test the separate versus binded hypotheses. Visuospatial and verbal abilities were measured in elite nationally ranked SCRABBLE and crossword experts and compared with college students matched on quantitative and verbal SAT scores, both exceeding 700 on average. SCRABBLE and crossword experts significantly outperformed college students on all cognitive measures. The crossword experts scored significantly higher on a test of analogies than SCRABBLE experts, but performance for cognitive ability tasks did not significantly differ between expert groups. The techniques and strategies used during competitive play, however, did differ significantly. Findings suggest that visuospatial and verbal working memory capacities of SCRABBLE and crossword experts are binded and occur at extraordinarily high levels. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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