The development and validation of computer self-efficacy and outcome expectancy scales in a nonvolitional context

Computer self-efficacy and outcome expectancy scales were developed using 306 responses to a questionnaire distributed by a national mail survey to end users of computer systems in a variety of functional business areas. Confirmatory factor analysis using a structural equations approach was used to develop three scales. The scales were found to demonstrate satisfactory psychometric properties. The reliability coefficients for these scales were as follows: .85 for computer self-efficacy; .88 for work-related outcome expectancy; and .89 for personal outcome expectancy. The scales provide a strong foundation from which to refine the measurement of computer self-efficacy and outcome expectancy. From these refinements, empirical models that include self-efficacy and outcome expectancy as determinants of information technology acceptance at the individual level of analysis can be improved.