不同群际威胁类型对集体自尊的影响:愤怒和自卑的中介作用

现有研究中有关群际威胁对集体自尊是增强作用还是削弱作用存在矛盾结论,可能是不同研究采用了不同类型的群际威胁,且情绪在群际威胁和集体自尊二者之间可能存在某种作用所导致的。本研究通过情景启动的实验发现,现实群际威胁唤起了更高水平的愤怒情绪,愤怒情绪越多,被试的集体自尊越高。而象征群际威胁唤起了更高水平的自卑情绪,自卑情绪越多,被试的集体自尊越低。总之,群际威胁类型的不同对集体自尊产生不同的影响,情绪在其中起中介作用。

The Influence of Different Types of Intergroup Threat on Collective Self-esteem: The mediating effect of two kinds of emotions

A large number of studies seek out intergroup threat could conduct different emotions. Previous studies resulted in the inconsistent conclusions concerning the influence of the intergroup threat on the collective self-esteem. In some studies intergroup threat could promote collective self-esteem, but in other researches the reduction effect appeared. Moreover, there were salient relations among intergroup threat, emotion and intergroup attitude. Therefore we suggested that emotion could result in the inconsistent conclusions concerning the influence of the intergroup threat on the collective self-esteem. Four paragraphs selected from news primed the participants’ feeling of the intergroup threat, which contained one condition among low realistic threat, high realistic threat, low symbolic threat or high symbolic threat information. 87 participants were randomly located into four groups. Firstly, they were requires to read one kind of the news and then they were asked to describe which kinds of emotion were aroused after reading the news. Finally they finished the questionnaires of collective self-esteem. We used independent t text with the feeling of threat. The result showed that a significant effect on the feeling of threat: people in the high threat groups had the stronger threaten feeling than in those low threat groups. The arousing emotions in threat groups were also significantly stronger than the control group. More specifically, anger in the high realistic threat group was stronger than the low realistic threat group and high symbolic threat group. But comparatively , inferiority in the high symbolic threat group were stronger than the other three. In brief, different kinds of emotions were aroused in different types of threat.In order to evaluate the meditating effect on the intergroup threat types and the collective self-esteem, mediation analysis was used. The findings showed that anger fully mediated the change on the collective self-esteem under different intergroup threats and interiority also significantly mediated. In particular, realistic threat aroused the stronger anger, and the stronger anger was related to the higher collective self-esteem. While on the contrary, symbolic threat aroused the stronger inferiority and inferiority was related to the lower collective self-esteem. Different intergroup threats conducted the different emotions. Realistic threat could arouse strong anger and symbolic threat could arouse strong inferiority. Furthermore, anger could fully mediate the influence of the collective self-esteem under different intergroup threats and anger could partially mediate.