心理学视野下的面孔宽长比研究

面孔宽长比（fWHR）是指面孔宽度与长度（或高度）之间的比值。它是一种反映男性青春期睾酮分泌水平高低的面部结构，并被视为男性气质的评价指标。多项研究表明，fWHR与攻击、支配、冒险、欺骗、追求个体成就等男性气质行为相关。本文对该领域研究成果进行了详细述评，并指出未来研究可在性别差异、影响机制、跨文化研究等方面加以探讨。

The studies on facial width-to-height ratio from the Psychological perspective

Facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR)is measured as the distance between the left and right zygion(bizygomatic width)relative to the distance between the upper lip and the highest point of the eyelids(upper facial height).Recent research has demonstrated that individuals with higher fWHR are associated with socially undesirable behaviors, including more aggression, less trustworthy, less cooperative in the context of intra-group competition, and more prejudiced, particularly in men. Research has also identified positive correlates of fWHR—men with greater fWHR are more cooperative in the context of inter-group competition, are better negotiators in competitive bargaining ,and firms whose male CEOS have wider face achieve superior financial performance, and are better performance in athletes. The initial seminal paper that higher fWHR was linked to aggression in men is Carré and McCormick(2008). Similarly, relationships have been found between male dominance, cheating, deception, but also more positive behaviors such as achievement striving, less likely to die from contact violence, and self-sacrifice towards the in-group. Researchers have generally pointed to evolutionary selection pressures as the underlying mechanisms explaining these relationships. Although early work such as Weston, Friday, and Lio(2007) described the fWHR, a sexual dimorphism in the structure of the face that was independent of body size, from a morphometric analysis of an ontogenetic series of skulls. They pointed that intersexual selection mechanisms may have formed the links between fWHR and behaviors. Recently more research has supported an intrasexual selection persective, with growing evidence suggesting that men’s facial structure is an important cue to their ability to obtain resources from others. One perspective is that men’s fWHR serve as proxies for other psychological or biological characteristics that lead men with various facial structures to act differently. For instance, researchers have theorized that testosterone exposure at puberty may underlie intra-sex differences in fWHR. A second perspective on the relationship between fWHR and behavior is that men are treated differently by others as a result of their facial characteristics. According to this view, men’s facial structure may not have an inherent relationship to their aggressive behavior, but rather serves as a social cue that shapes their interactions with others over time. Despite numerous researchers have explicitly built directly on this previous work, several articles have failed to find a statistically significant relationship between fWHR and behavior or sexual dimorphism. Future research should examine the fWHR and behavior’s link with employing multi-method, various samples and the mediate or moderate factors, such as cultural differences.