Stroop范式中不同语言条件下的双语优势效应

目的:采用Stroop范式探讨不同语言条件下的双语优势效应。方法:两个实验均为2(被试类型)x 3(色词一致性)的混合实验设计,被试为熟练双语者和非熟练双语者。结果:(1)L1条件下熟练双语者的Stroop效应量小于非熟练双语者,L2条件下无显著差异。(2)熟练双语者在两个实验条件下的平均反应时均小于非熟练双语者,L2条件下的易化效应量显著大于非熟练双语者。结论:(1)熟练双语者在L1条件下的抑制控制能力好于非熟练双语者,体现了"双语优势效应";(2)熟练双语者在Stroop干扰任务中可能比非熟练双语者具有更好的信息监控能力。

Bilingual advantage in Stroop under the condition of different languages

Purposes: "Bilingual advantage effect" refers to the positive impact on cognitive abilities obtained from the bilingual learning or experience.Some researches believed that the most important mechanism of "Bilingual advantage effect" is inhibitory control,But the cognitive mechanism of this effect is still debate in recent studies. This research adopted the stroop paradigm to examine the mechanism of "bilingual advantage effect" under the condition of language1, language2 and combination of these two languages. Subjects were skilled bilingual and unskilled one whose language1 is Uyghur and language2 is Chinese.Then discussed the difference of bilingual’s inhibitory control and facilitate effect under the different languages in the stroop task. Procedures: The research included three experiments, all used Stroop task. These experiments were all designed by 2 type (subjects) x3 (color word conditions) . Experiment one for L1 condition, experiment two for L2 condition,experiment three was a mixture of L1 and L2 condition designed. There were 43 subjects participated in the experiment.Used E - Prime 2.0 software programming, the participant’s task was to react to the color of the word and then makes the corresponding button, the program automatically record the subjects reaction time and error rate. Results: Three subjects was eliminated because of high errors,then reaction time and error rate of 40 subjects were analyzed by repetitive measure analysis of variance, the Results showed that: (1) Under the condition of L1 there is a significant difference between these two type of subjects, namely skilled bilingual Stroop effect size (18 ms) was less than the unskilled bilingual (33 ms), t (33) 6 1 = 3.56, p < 0.05, Cohen 's d = 0.32. There was no significant difference under the condition of L2 and mixed language.(2) In all three experiments the average reaction time of skilled bilinguals were less than the unskilled bilinguals. Especially under the condition of L2 skilled bilinguals’ facilitation effect quantity is significantly greater than the unskilled bilinguals, t (1, 20) = 3.07, p < 0.05, Cohen 's d = 0.43. There was no significant main effects and interaction in the analysis of error rate.Conclusions: (1) In the paradigm of stroop task skilled bilingual is better than unskilled bilingual about the inhibitory control ability, it embodies the "bilingual advantage effect";under the condition of L2 and mixed language there were no difference. (2) In the stroop task skilled bilingual has better ability of information monitoring than unskilled bilingual. This study found that better "bilingual advantage effect" occurs under the condition of L1, and skilled bilinguals besides better inhibitory control ability, in the facilitation effect also has a "bilingual advantage effect", this is likely to be skilled bilinguals have better information monitoring ability, then interpreted these results combined Green "inhibitory control model" and language monitoring system .