筛选性决策和选择性决策的信息利用

在构像理论中,用来证明决策分为筛选和选择两个独立阶段的证据存在于：筛选阶段的信息在选择阶段不再被使用。本研究以构像理论为基础,设计实验室模拟实验,以实验情境中越来越苛刻的限制条件,迫使决策者在选择决策阶段不利用筛选信息,以此来检验决策者在选择决策阶段是否利用筛选信息,以及利用的程度和条件。实验情境的设计遵循这样一个原则：从信息最容易获得,记忆负荷最小的决策情境,过渡到信息最难以获得,记忆负荷最大的决策情境。研究得到以下结论：（1）筛选信息在大部分决策者进行选择性决策的时候得到了利用,用以选择最终的备择项;（2）随着选择决策过程中对于筛选信息的记忆负荷,以及认知负荷的增加,筛选信息在选择阶段被利用的可能性有所减少。

The Information Usage in Information Screening and Selecting

According to the Image Theory,a decision is divided into two stages,screening and selecting,and the supporting evidence is that the screening information is generally not used during the selecting stage.In the present study,the experiment material used in the studies of Image Theory was modified and simulative experiments were designed.To validate the usage of screening information in the selecting stage,decision makers were forced into screening under some experiment conditions.In the first situation,information which was the most easily gained and with the lowest cognition load was presented to the decision makers,and in the last situation,information which was the most hardly gained and with the highest cognition load was presented.Conclusions of this study were as follows:(1) Screening information was used in the selecting phase for a final choice by most decision makers;(2) As memory load and cognition load increased,the probability of using screening information in the selecting phase was decreased.