Reliable Digit Span: a systematic review and cross-validation study |
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Authors: | Schroeder Ryan W Twumasi-Ankrah Philip Baade Lyle E Marshall Paul S |
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Affiliation: | University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, KS 67206, USA. ryan.w.schroeder.psyd@hotmail.com |
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Abstract: | Reliable Digit Span (RDS) is a heavily researched symptom validity test with a recent literature review yielding more than 20 studies ranging in dates from 1994 to 2011. Unfortunately, limitations within some of the research minimize clinical generalizability. This systematic review and cross-validation study was conducted to address these limitations, thus increasing the measure's clinical utility. Sensitivity and specificity rates were calculated for the ≤6 and ≤7 cutoffs when data were globally combined and divided by clinical groups. The cross-validation of specific diagnostic groups was consistent with the data reported in the literature. Overall, caution should be used when utilizing the ≤7 cutoff in all clinical groups and when utilizing the ≤6 cutoff in the following groups: cerebrovascular accident, severe memory disorders, mental retardation, borderline intellectual functioning, and English as a second language. Additional limitations and cautions are provided. |
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