略论托马斯·斯坎伦的契约主义

托马斯·斯坎伦是以约翰·罗尔斯为首的平等的自由主义阵营内一位重要政治哲学家,面对《正义论》发表以后所遭受的各方面的批评,他在罗尔斯道德契约论的基础上,转变罗尔斯专注于宏观社会基本制度的学术走向,提出了一种实质性的契约主义,从微观角度来论证个人道德的本质,论证人们为什么要关注正当和不正当的问题,论证为什么正当和不正当对其它关怀和价值具有优先性。从而发展了罗尔斯道德理论的契约形式,对罗尔斯强于制度美德而疏于个人道德论证的缺陷做了有益补充,在伦理学界引起了较大反响。

On Thomas Scanlon's Contractualism

Thomas Scanlon, who believes liberalism of equality, is a famous political philosopher. In the face of criticisms that Joho Rawls' A Theory of Justice got, based on Rawls' moral contractualim, he changed Rawls' research direction concentrating on macro-social institutions, came up with a substantial contractualism ,from micro angle to argue the nature of individual morality, and why we should concern right and wrong, and their priority over other concerns and values. This develops the contract form of Rawls' moral theory, and complemented Rawls' negative points. It has significant influence in contemporary ethics.