组织决策的影响力分布

从行动理论的角度分析了组织决策的特征，提出了组织决策的阶段层次理论，并认为：１．决策过程的本质在于形成决策问题的目标手段层次结构；２．决策的层次结构具有阶段性特征，即它是随决策阶段的进展而逐步分化、完善的；３．组织在其结构上也是一个由分化得来的层次结构。因此，在组织决策过程中，应该根据决策的阶段特征，充分发挥相应组织层次的作用。关于各决策阶段组织影响力分布的调查得到了与理论模型一致的结果，有决策影响力的群体随决策阶段的展开而分化：在决策阶段一直存在两个决策影响力群体，一个是高层管理，另一个是中层管理、基层管理和工人；而在决策阶段二和三，中层管理逐步分化出来，成为第三个独立的影响力群体；在决策阶段四，基层管理代表工人参与决策的作用得到了充分的显示。此外，本研究结果还指出了高层管理在后三个阶段中对组织决策影响力分布的决定作用

A PHASE MODEL OF HIERARCHICAL DECISION MAKING IN ORGANIZATION:SOME EMPIRICAL EVIDENCES

This research proposed a Phase Model of Hierarchical Decision Making in Organization based on action theory.Data collected from 15 Chinese enterprises confirmed the model by showing a successive differentiation process of decision making coalitions over decision phases in terms of influence distribution among organizational levels.Specifically,two decision coalitions were found in phase 1:Top management on the one side,middle management,foreman and workers on the other side.But as the result of differentiation of the mean end structure of the decision in phases 2 and 3,the middle management emerged out as the third independent coalition.In phase 4,further differentiation seemed to empower the level of foreman as the representative for workers in participation of decision making.Besides,implications of this model for further research on decision making as well as its application for practice were discussed.