基于物体的注意的机制与影响因素

视觉选择性注意的研究是认知心理学领域的热点之一。注意选择的表征不仅可以基于空间, 也可以基于物体。基于物体的注意(object-based attention, OBA)的研究范式主要有双矩形提示范式和侧干扰范式, 有关基于物体的注意的机制的理论有感觉增强理论、注意优先理论和注意转换理论。影响基于物体的注意效应的因素主要有刺激本身的特征(如刺激呈现时间)、其它知觉过程和经验因素等。视觉物体的概念既包括格式塔知觉组织原则定义的物体, 也包括无意识下的物体、变化之后的物体和自上而下的物体。

An Introduction to the Mechanisms and Influence Factors of Object-Based Attention

Visual selective attention is not only based on space, but also based on objects. Object-based Attention (OBA) has become an increasingly popular topic in the area of visual attention. The commonly used behavioral research paradigms to investigate OBA is two-rectangular cueing paradigm and flanker interference paradigm, Some electrophysiological and fMRI studies also explored the underlying neural substrates. Theories of the mechanisms of OBA are sensory enhancement hypothesis, attentional prioritization hypothesis and shift costing hypothesis. Evidence from various paradigms is provided to support these different theories respectively, but we propose that these theories may not be mutually exclusive. Stimulus characteristics, other perceptual processes and experience all influence OBA effect. Specifically, latest research focuses mostly on “object” definition and the factors that influence OBA effect. OBA effect emerged not only in objects defined by Gestalt principles, but also in top-down semantic object, invisible object and changed object.