依恋关系的形成：保护情境中母亲和婴儿的作用

母婴依恋是婴儿期形成的首要关系之一, 同时也是影响儿童早期社会化的关系性背景。以亲子互动中形成依恋安全感差异的相关研究为基础, 从特质观、领域特殊观和社会认知观的角度对它们进行梳理, 有助于提炼出母亲的敏感性、特定的互动情境以及儿童的社会预期分别在预测母婴依恋关系中的作用。3种研究取向的整合有赖于细致地区分特质观和社会认知观在看待亲子互动中双方情绪状态、认知能力和回应过程上的差别; 制定新的依恋干预方案应当以提高父母识别和应对婴儿消极情绪的能力, 以及为婴儿提供适当的依随性学习经验为目的。

Forming of Attachment:The Contribution of Mother and Infant in Protection Situation

Child-mother attachment, as a primary relationship established during infancy, has a significant influence in the process of socialization during early childhood. Recent research has outlined three approaches to the studies of parenting and child development, including trait approach, domain-specific view approach and social cognition approach. In these studies, the authors discriminated the different roles of maternal sensitivity, protective situation and social anticipation of infant in the developing attachment security. By comparing the different understanding of mother-child interaction between trait approach and social cognition approach, as well as strengthening the importance of the interactive situation from domain-specific view approach, the authors proposed the necessity and possibility of integration of all three elements emphasized by different researchers. Finally, future attachment intervenes should aim at improving parents’ abilities of awareness and response to infants’ negative emotion, and providing appropriate contingent experience learning for infants.