3～5岁幼儿在视野阻隔任务中的长度传递性推理

设计视野阻隔任务,控制了短时记忆和直接比较的两难问题,考察3～5岁幼儿长度传递性推理能力的发展趋势和传递性推理这一认知过程的发展序列。以2(间隔长度)×2(摆放方式)×4(年龄)的三因素混合设计,研究了240名幼儿,结果表明:(1)3～4岁是长度传递性推理能力的快速发展期,4岁以后的幼儿大部分具备了这一能力,发展速度趋于平缓;(2)任务类型影响推理成绩;(3)基于传递关系的推理依据与推理总成绩显著正相关。研究认为:年仅4岁幼儿具备传递性推理能力蕴含教育价值;传递性推理的认知过程经历了四个可辨别的发展序列,依次主要发生在36～42个月、43～48个月、49～54个月和55～60个月的幼儿当中。

3 to 5-Year-Old Preschoolers' Length Transitive Inference under the Visual-Divided-Tasks

When it comes to investigating preschoolers' transitive inference,there seems to be a dilemma.Children should be free from the load of working memory,and they should not compare directly but deduce transitively.In present study,the visual-divided-tasks were created to investigate 3 to 5-year-old preschoolers' length transitive inference.2 (interval length)×2 (layout)×4 (age) mixed design was adopted.240 preschoolers aged 3 to 5 participated in the study sorted in four groups every 6 months.The results indicate the conclusions as following:(1) preschoolers' ability of transitive inference develops quickly during the age of 3 to 4.It's developmental speed peaks after the age of 4 when preschoolers can make transitive inference in different task; (2) transitive inferences of preschoolers are influenced significantly by the kind of tasks; (3) there is a significant correlation between total accuracy and the frequencies of logic transitivity justifications.It was concluded that:(1) children as young as 4-year-old can make transitive inference with educational value to some extent; (2) there are 4 discriminative sequences during the development of transitive cognition,denoted as the embryonic level,transitional level,stable level,and the higher level,which mainly in turn occurred in preschoolers aged 36-42 months,43-48 months,49-54 months and 55-60 months.