冲动-思考型儿童在拼图游戏中的问题解决及元认知差异

以小学六年级思考型和冲动型儿童各32名为被试,通过考查儿童在完成不同难度拼图任务时的表现,探讨不同认知风格儿童在问题解决中认知活动和元认知活动的差异。结果发现:(1)在线与离线元认知监控均表现出认知风格与任务难度的交互作用。在简单和中等任务中,思考型的儿童运用更多的在线元认知监控,进行计划和检查的时间更长。离线元认知监控的差异只表现在简单任务中,思考型比冲动型儿童花费更多的时间进行预测和评价;(2)在问题解决结果上,认知风格不同的儿童完成任务的时间没有显著差异;(3)在问题解决过程中,冲动型儿童解决问题的操作步数多于思考型儿童;冲动型儿童更多地使用主体参照策略,而思考型儿童更多使用线索推断策略。

Individual Differences in Reflective-Impulsive Cognitive Style:Children's Problem Solving and Metacognition

The present study examined the performance of children identified as reflective or impulsive on the three jigsaw-puzzle tasks with different complexity;explored the individual differences of problem solving and metacognition in reflective-impulsive cognitive style.The results revealed:1) Interactive effect between cognitive style and task complexity was significant.The reflective children spent more time for ongoing and offline metacognitive monitoring in simple task,for ongoing metacognitive monitoring in ...