相似性、相似性组合及元认知监控对问题类比推理的影响研究

以改编Holyoak等设计的“汇聚问题”为实验材料,同时自编元认知监控问卷测试被试的元认知监控水平,考察相似性的不同水平,源问题个数,两个源问题情境下源问题的组合方式以及被试的元认知监控水平对类比迁移的影响。结果表明,一个源问题呈现情境下,源、靶问题不同的相似性水平差异显著,表面相似性显著促进类比迁移;两个源问题呈现情境下,源问题的不同组合方式差异显著;无论是呈现一个源问题,还是呈现两个源问题,元认知监控差异均显著,类比迁移主要是控制性加工;源问题个数差异显著。

THE STUDY OF EFFECT OF SIMILARITY,SIMILARITY COMBINATIONS AND METACOGNITIVE MONITORING ON PROBLEM ANALOGICAL REASONING

The effect of different levels of similarity,the numbers of source problems,the combinations of source problems in two sources contexts and the metacognitive monitoring level of the subjects on analogical transfer was explored with the adapted Convergence Problems by Holyoak,and self-made metacognitive monitoring questionnaire for measuring subjects′ metacognitive monitoring level as the experimental materials.The results indicated the difference of different levels of similarity between the source and the target in one source context was significant,surface similarity facilitated analogical transfer evidently.The difference of different combination ways in two sources contexts was significant.No matter in one source context or two sources contexts,the difference of different levels of metacognitive monitoring was significant,which indicated analogical transfer mainly was an controlling process,the difference of numbers of source problems was also significant.