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Parent and child adjustment dual trajectories at the beginning of the COVID-19 syndemic
Authors:Xiang Zhou  Brenda W Shein  Amani Khalil  Robert J Duncan
Institution:1. Counseling Psychology, Department of Educational Studies, College of Education, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA;2. Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
Abstract:Children and their families have been significantly impacted by the unfolding of the COVID-19 syndemic. We sought to identify (1) groups of families with distinct profiles of joint trajectories of parental anxiety and child emotional distress and (2) protective and risk factors associated with these dual-trajectory profiles. A sample of 488 parents (65% White; 77% mothers) with 3- to 8-year-old children (MAge = 5.04, SDAge = 1.59) was followed from late March to early July in 2020. Survey data on parent (i.e., anxiety symptoms) and child (i.e., emotional distress) adjustment were collected at three time points. Using multivariate growth mixture modeling, we identified one group with low parental anxiety and child emotional distress (42.7%) and three other distinct groups with varying risk levels among parents and/or children. We also identified protective (e.g., positive parenting) and risk (e.g., child negative affect, negative parenting, perceived stress with racism) factors in predicting parent and child adjustment. It can be concluded that, overall, our sample (mostly middle- and high-socioeconomic status families) demonstrated family resilience amid COVID-19, consistent with prior disaster coping literature. At the same time, our findings also indicated the need to identify at-risk families and modifiable factors for post-disaster public health interventions.
Keywords:COVID-19  growth mixture modeling  parent  posttraumatic stress  racism  COVID-19  家长  种族主义  创伤后压力  增长混合建模  多元
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