Performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals: when uncertainty makes a difference |
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Authors: | Darnon Céline Harackiewicz Judith M Butera Fabrizio Mugny Gabriel Quiamzade Alain |
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Institution: | Université Pierre Mendès France, Grenoble. celine.darnon@univ-bpclermont.fr |
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Abstract: | Performance-avoidance goals (the desire to avoid performing more poorly than others do) have been shown to have consistently deleterious effects on performance but the effects of performance-approach goals (trying to outperform others) are more complex. Two studies examine uncertainty as a moderator of the effect of performance-approach goals on performance. Experiment 1 shows that manipulated performance-approach goals lead to better performance than do performance-avoidance goals in the absence of uncertainty about performance but when participants learn that a coactor disagreed with them about problem solutions, creating uncertainty, performance-approach goals do not differ from performance-avoidance goals in their effect on performance. Experiment 2 shows that uncertainty also moderates the effects of self-set performance-approach goals. Moreover, the same dynamic occurs with another kind of uncertainty: negative competence feedback. |
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