工作家庭间跨界增益:逻辑主线与模型

已有工作家庭界面研究主要立足于冲突视角,近年来部分研究开始从积极视角揭示工作家庭关系的本质。工作家庭增益强调角色资源的跨界渗溢有助提升个体另一角色表现和生活品质的程度。工作家庭资源会增强个体心理资源,进而影响体验工作家庭间的跨界增益,资源的累积循环与工作家庭增益互为持续保障,跨界增益的程度受到工作家庭边界特征的调节影响。论证和提出了"角色资源累积-个体心理因素改变-跨界增益-角色评价与投入"的逻辑主线,以此构建工作家庭间角色资源跨界增益模型。

Work-family Cross Domain Enrichment: The Main Logic Line and Model

The previous researches in the work-family interface were mainly from the perspective of work-family conflict, while the most recent studies have started to explore the positive relationship between work and family. Indeed, researchers have increasingly examined positive relationships between work and family lives by developing some concepts such as work-family enhancement, work-family positive spillover, work-family facilitation and work-family enrichment. Work-family enrichment is defined as how work and family benefit from each other and emphasizes the spillover of resources between the work and family roles, in consequence to affect an individual’s performance and life quality in both roles. There has been much research on work-family enrichment, however, previous research on the impacts of role resource on work-family enrichment discussed less about individual perception and the change of psychological state and ignored that the enrichment level can also be affected by work-family boundary features. Based on that, this study emphasized on aspects below:①By integrating the exiting literature, this paper proposed the main logic line under the mechanism above, which was “role resource accumulation---psychological change--- cross-domain enrichment---role evaluation and engagement”, and also constructed the role resources cross-domain enrichment model. As the precondition of work-family enrichment, role resource accumulation is the foundation of the entire logical mainline. ②Role resources (work-related resources, organizational-related resources, and family-related resources) acquisition relies on the organization and family climate, this study discussed the direct relationship between role resources and work-family enrichment. The circular accumulation of resources serves as a safeguard to the work-family enrichment and cross-domain enrichment as well as is the guarantee for resource accumulation. ③Cross-domain enrichment is generated in the psychological process of individual perception and gain of role resources. This article also pointed out the indirect relationship between role resource accumulation and work-family enrichment, through change of psychological factors. The individuals have difference in perception and accumulation of role resources that can give rise to the individual role cognition and the change of the psychological state. Work and home resources increase personal resources. ④The enrichment level is affected by work-family boundary features, individual features and domain features. The degree of work-family boundary strength affected cross-domain enrichment, suggesting that different levels of boundary strength might moderate the relationship between psychological resources and work-family enrichment. Specifically speaking, the stronger the boundary between work and family is, the less enrichment happens cross domains. To sum up, we suggested few directions about work-family enrichment for the future studies in the end. ①The model showed that individuals’ perceptions and accumulation of role resources affect work family enrichment through psychological resources. Therefore, future studies could discuss the gain and loss cycles of role resources over time and explore dynamics of the relationships among work and family resource gain and loss, work-to-family enrichment over time.②Future studies could also try to explore the influencing mechanism, in which accumulation of role resources affect role evaluation and psychological factors, in turn influence work-family enrichment. ③In order to generalize the model in a broaden way, it is necessary to add moderation effects such as individual characteristics, domain features and work-family boundary features and so on. The culture factors should also be taken into account. It will be necessary for future studies to introduce the local cultural situation variables to enrich the comparative study on work-family enrichment.