《国语》名称演变探源

《国语》本为先秦时期“事语”类文献的汇编,自西汉末刘歆始视其为《春秋》之“外传”,后人又多因之,称其为《春秋外传国语》、《春秋外传》、《春秋国语》,亦有简称《外传》,或直呼为《春秋》者。目录分类上《国语》亦多入经部“春秋类”当中,直至《四库全书》方黜《国语》出经部,而入于史部“杂史类”。本文搜集诸史材料,引述前贤之论,对《国语》名称之来源、演变及其缘由略作浅析。

The Reasons for the change of the title of Guoyu

Guoyu is originally a collection of the sagacious sayings(shiyu) in the pre-Qin period.At the end of the Western Han,Liu Xin began to view it as a private history of the Spring and Autumn Annals(Chunqiu).From then on it was called Chunqiuwaizhuanguoyu,Chunqiuwaizhuan,Chunqiuguoyu,or in shortness Waizhuan,or simply Chunqiu.According to the chronicle classification Guoyu was generally included into the category of Chunqiu of the Classic Section,until in the Emperor's Four Treasuries(Sikuquanshu) it was relegated from the section to the Miscellaneous Writings of the History Section.This thesis has assembled materials from various sources and citations of the predecessors,and made a tentative study of the causes of the variant names of Guoyu.