幼儿预见能力的发展及与抑制控制、心理理论的关系

预见是预测未来会发生什么或者需要什么的能力,是对未来自我状态进行的推理。该研究由两部分实验组成。实验1以3～5岁幼儿为研究对象,采用Atance和Meltzoff(2005)的非言语研究范式,探讨了预见能力的发展特点。结果表明,4岁以后,幼儿能够根据未来的需要选择适宜的物品。实验2以4～6岁幼儿为研究对象,考察了预见与抑制控制和心理理论能力的关系。结果发现,抑制控制对幼儿的预见能力存在直接的预测效力,而心理理论则是通过抑制控制作为中介变量间接地作用于预见过程。

The Development of Foresight and Its Relationship with Inhibitory Control and Theory of Mind

Foresight refers to the ability to predict what is going to happen or what is needed in the future.The present study included two experiments.The first experiment using the nonverbal paradigm adapted from the study by Atance and Meltzoff(2005) explored the developmental characteristic of foresight in children of 3,4 and 5 years old.The results showed that young children of 4 years old started to choose the items which will be needed in the future.The second study explored the relationships among foresight,inhibitory control,and theory of mind in children of 4,5 and 6 years old.The results suggested that foresight could be significantly predicted by inhibitory control directly;and inhibitory control fully mediated the relationship between theory of mind and foresight.