The depiction of imaginary transformations: Early comprehension of a symbolic function |
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| Institution: | 1. Southern California Evidence-based Practice Center, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, 90401, United States;2. Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, United States;3. Departments of Pediatrics & Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States;4. Southern California Evidence-based Practice Center, RAND Corporation, Arlington, VA, 22202, United States;5. School of Economics, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China;6. Southern California Evidence Review Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States;1. Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI;2. Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI;3. Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX;4. Division of Rehabilitation Sciences/School of Health Professions, Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Geriatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX;5. Sealy Center on Aging; Preventive Medicine & Community Health; WHO/PAHO Collaborating Center on Aging and Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX;1. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Infection Antimicrobials Modelling & Evolution (IAME), unity 1137, Paris, France;2. Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France;3. Department of Reproductive Biology, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France;4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France;5. Department of Infectious Diseases, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France;6. Departement Hospitalo-Universitaire Risk and Pregnancy, Paris, France;7. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louis Mourier Hospital, AP-HP, Colombes, France;8. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY |
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| Abstract: | Children were tested for their ability to imagine a pretend transformation and select a representation of its outcome. In Experiment 1, children aged 2 years and above were successful in choosing the correct representation of the imagined transformation, whether represented by a picture or toy. Children below 2 years were unsuccessful on both types of representation. In Experiment 2, children below 2 years, unlike children above 2 years, were unsuccessful in selecting a representation of an actual as well as a pretend transformation. Implications for children's understanding of pretense and iconic symbolism are discussed. |
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