The development of cognitive inhibition in streams-of-consciousness and directed speech |
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| Institution: | 1. Wilmer Eye Institute, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland;2. Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland;3. Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Providence, Rhode Island;4. The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland;1. Department of Humanities, University of Florence, via Bolognese, 52, 50139 Florence, Italy;2. Department of Pure and Applied Science, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Italy;1. Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1158 Faculty Office Tower, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35210, USA;2. Division of Plastic Surgery, Birmingham VA Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1102 Faculty Office Tower, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35210, USA;1. School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China;2. Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden;1. Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 461-8673, Japan;2. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan;3. Faculty of Rehabilitation, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192 Japan;4. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan;5. Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nagoya City University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan;1. Department of Psychology, Thomas Jefferson University, United States;2. Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, United States;3. Graduate School of Education & Information Studies, University of California at Los Angeles, United States |
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| Abstract: | This research examined the development of the ability to inhibit thoughts within free speech by manipulating the content requirements of overt streams-of-consciousness. A picture-naming task with procedural manipulations similar to the stream-of-consciousness task was created as an additional method of investigating the development of the inhibition of speech. Comparison of adults' performance in the two tasks indicated that mature performance reflected inhibitory processing rather than selective attention. The children's performance in the stream-of-consciousness task suggested a developmental change in their ability to produce a stream-of-consciousness overtly. An investigation of inhibition in the picture-naming task with kindergartners, second graders, fifth graders and adults revealed a developmental improvement in inhibitory ability over the middle childhood years. These results are consistent with the interpretation that developmental improvements in cognitive inhibition contribute to developmental improvements in cognitive function on a variety of tasks. |
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