Interpreting ambiguous stimuli: Separating perceptual and judgmental biases |
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Authors: | Andreas Voss Klaus Rothermund Jochen Brandtstdter |
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Institution: | aAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Psychologie, Engelbergerstr. 41, D-79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany;bFriedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Psychologie, Am Steiger 3, Haus 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany;cUniversität Trier, Institut für Psychologie, D-54286 Trier, Germany |
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Abstract: | Interpreting ambiguous situations is not a purely data-driven process but can be biased towards positive interpretations by top-down influences. The present study tries to identify the underlying processes of these top-down influences. There are two separable types of processes that can be influenced by motivational biases: A perceptual bias affects information uptake whereas a judgmental bias affects acceptance criteria for positive and negative outcomes. In the present study, motivated influences on perception and judgment were investigated with a simple color discrimination task in which ambiguous stimuli had to be classified according to their dominating color. One of two colors indicated a financial gain or a loss, whereas a third color was neutral. To separate perceptual and judgmental biases, Ratcliff’s Ratcliff, R. (1978). A theory of memory retrieval. Psychological Review, 85, 59–108] diffusion model was employed. Results revealed motivational influences on perception and judgment. |
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Keywords: | Perceptual bias Motivated cognition Top down influences Attention Diffusion model Fast-dm |
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