The impact of orbital prefrontal cortex damage on emotional activation to unanticipated and anticipated acoustic startle stimuli |
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Authors: | Roberts Nicole A Beer Jennifer S Werner Kelly H Scabini Donatella Levens Sara M Knight Robert T Levenson Robert W |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Marburg, Gutenbergstrasse 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany |
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Abstract: | Damage to the orbital prefrontal cortex has been implicated in selectively diminishing electrodermal autonomic nervous system
responses to anticipated punishing stimuli (e.g., losing money; Bechara, Damasio, & Damasio, 2000), but not to unanticipated
punishing stimuli (e.g., loud noises; Damasio, Tranel, & Damasio, 1990). We extended this research by examining the effects
of orbitofrontal damage on emotional responses to unanticipated and anticipated acoustic startles and collecting a more extensive
set of physiological measures, emotional facial behavior, and self-reported emotional experience. Consistent with previous
research, patients showed intact physiology to an unanticipated startle but failed to show appropriate anticipatory cardiovascular
responses (patients’ heart rates decreased, controls’ increased). In addition, patients displayed more surprise facial behavior
and reported marginally more fear than did controls in response to the unanticipated startle. Thus, orbitofrontal damage may
compromise the ability to anticipate physiologically the onset of aversive stimuli, despite intact or enhanced emotional responses
when such stimuli occur unexpectedly. |
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