5—7岁儿童加法策略的发展特点

随机选取72名5～7岁儿童为被试,采用实验法和访谈法对儿童解决简单加法问题的策略的发展特点进行探索。结果发现,随着年龄的增长,儿童使用提取策略明显上升,逐渐成为主导策略,而数数策略逐渐减少,凑十策略、心理算盘策略和分解策略只有在少数儿童身上发现,整体看5～7岁儿童没有出现多种策略的竞争趋势;提取和从大数开始数的策略是5～7岁儿童较为优秀的解决简单加法问题的策略。

The Developmental Characteristics of Children Additon Strategy in 5-7 year-old

This study focuses on exploring the developmental characteristics of 72 5|7 year|old children's strategy selection through the strategies children use to solve simple addition problems. It indicates that with increase of age, the proportion of retrieval strategy children used increased and it gradually became the major one while that of counting strategy decreased. Only few children were found to use rounding strategy, decomposition strategy and strategy of rowing numbers in mind. On the whole, 5|7 year|old children did not show the tendency of using many kinds of strategies. Retrieval strategy and min strategy are the better ways for them to solve simple addition problems.