Taking visual disability into account: Explaining failure to experts and non-experts |
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Authors: | Elke Klein-Allermann Martin Kumpf |
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Institution: | (1) Dept. of Psychology and Education, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany;(2) University of Marburg, Germany |
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Abstract: | The present study was designed to investigate visually handicapped students' explanations for failure when the motive to maintain or enhance self-esteem was in conflict with the motive to present a favorable social image. Subjects experienced manipulated failure in a text comprehension task and were subsequently asked to give causal and responsibility attributions in the presence of either a visually handicapped or a non-handicapped experimenter. It was expected that visually disabled participants would claim a handicap-bonus from the non-handicapped experimenter by explicitly presenting non-defensive attributions and accounts as well as handicap-related responses, while defensive explanations should be more pronounced when faced with a blind experimenter. The data provide support for the existence of presumed social expectations as determinants of individuals' verbal self-presentations. |
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Keywords: | Attribution theory account-making social expectations self-presentation visually handicapped students |
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