当代中国青少年校园欺凌受害模式探索:基于潜在剖面分析

采用特拉华欺凌受害量表、病人健康问卷抑郁量表和广泛性焦虑量表对湖南省八个地区20所中学初一到高三3761名学生进行调查，探索学生欺凌受害模式，并对不同模式亚群体的人口学特点及其心理健康状况展开研究。结果发现：（1）校园欺凌中，言语欺凌、身体欺凌、关系欺凌、网络欺凌这四种常见欺凌类型具有较高的共发性，潜在剖面分析表明存在四种典型的校园欺凌受害模式："所有类型欺凌受害组"（1.5%）、"传统类型受害组"（3.9%）、"传统类型轻卷入组"（14.9%）和"未受害组"（79.6%）；（2）欺凌受害模式的人群分布受不同人口学特征（性别、年级、学校位置、自评学习成绩）的影响，男性、初中、乡村学校、成绩较差的学生更易受到欺凌；（3）即使是轻度的欺凌受害卷入，也会对个体心理健康产生较为严重的消极影响，对校园欺凌行为"零容忍"确有依据。

Patterns of Bullying Victimization among Adolescents in China: Based on Latent Profile Analysis

Objective:To explore possible patterns of bullying victimization among adolescents in China. Methods:By cluster sampling, Delaware Bullying Victimization Scale-Student(DBVS-S)、Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7(CAD-7)were administered to 3761 secondary school adolescents in Hunan Province.Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted on victimization by verbal, physical,social and cyber bullying. Results:(1) There are high degree of co-occurrence among four subtype of bullying victimization.Four latent classes were identified, including an all-type(traditional and cyber) bullying victimization class(1.5%),a traditional victimization class(3.9%),a mild traditional victimization class(14.9%),a non-victimization class(79.6%).(2) Males、junior high students、rural students and poor students were more likely to be all types of victims.(3) There was a graded relationship between the four latent classes and level of depression as well as anxiety.