社会认知基本维度与主观幸福感：未来时间洞察力的中介作用

基于社会认知双视角模型和人类适应机制，探讨能动性和表达性与主观幸福感的关系及其作用机制，采用社会认知基本维度形容词词库、未来时间洞察力问卷和幸福感指数量表对全国21个省市居民进行调查，共回收有效问卷4071份，其中男性1714人（42.1%），女性2342人（57.5%）。结果表明：（1）能动性、表达性显著正向预测主观幸福，且能动性的预测效力大于表达性；未来时间洞察力显著正向预测主观幸福感；（2）能动性、表达性能通过未来时间洞察力的中介作用间接预测个人主观幸福感。本研究结果有利于揭示能动性、表达性如何影响个体主观幸福感体验，以及能动性、表达性对主观幸福感的影响程度，对于提升个人主观幸福感有一定启示意义。

The Relationship between Two Fundamental Dimensions and Subjective Well-being: the Mediation Effect of Future Time Perspective

Agency and communion are considered as two fundamental dimensions of social cognition. Agency is related to self-expressions and the pursuit of goals, while communion is related to social relations, such as kindness and honesty, and those that are related with moral judgments. Agency and communion play great roles in people’ cognition, affect experience and behavior. Studies have revealed that agency and communion would bring about significant positive impacts on mental health and life satisfaction, and are also closely related with the development of children’s self-esteem. What’s more, a good experience of subjective well-being is also one of the major desirable outcomes of positive agency and communion. Research documented that agency and communion significantly predicted subjective well-being, and subjective well-being increased with the increasing levels of agency and communion. Prior studies have focused mainly on the direct associations between agency, communion and subjective well-being. However, little is known about the underlying mediating mechanism (i.e. how agency and communion influence subjective well-being). To address this gap, the present study constructed a mediation model based on the Dual Perspective Model (DPM) and the adaptive mechanisms, to examine the effects of agency and communion on subjective well-being under the background of a large sample of Chinese subjects. Specifically, the present study would examine the mediating role of future time perspective (FTP), a relatively stable trait that reflects a general future orientation and plays an important role in dominating the individuals’ behaviors by striving for future goals and rewards, in the relation between agency, communion and subjective well-being. A sample of 4071 people completed a battery of self-report questionnaires measuring their agency and communion, subjective well-being and FTP. All the measures showed good reliability and validity in the present study. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. The results were as follows: (1) agency and communion had significant positive correlations with FTP and subjective well-being (p<.01); and FTP had a significant positive relation with subjective well-being (p<.01); (2) After controlling for gender, age, education, marriage, yearly family income and social class, agency (β=.237, p<.001) and communion (β=.079, p<.05) significantly exerted direct effects on subjective well-being; and FTP (β=.405, p<.001) significantly exerted a direct effect on subjective well-being. (3) After controlling for gender, age, education, marriage, yearly family income and social class, agency (β=.054) and communion (β=.008) significantly exerted indirect effects on subjective well-being through the mediation of FTP. These results indicated that FTP served as a mediator effect between agency, communion and subjective well-being.The present study explores the direct effect size of agency and communion on subjective well-being based on the Dual Perspective Model, and highlights the mediating role of FTP in the effect of agency and communion on subjective well-being. It may contribute to a better understanding of the effects as well as its paths and conditions of agency and communion on subjective well-being. Moreover, it can also provide constructive suggestions for protecting and improving FTP and subjective well-being in the new era.