3~6岁儿童执行功能子成分发展的研究

执行功能是对目标指向活动进行信息整合和控制调节的一系列认知能力，在学前期发展迅速。研究使用执行功能任务组软件考察了210名3~6岁儿童（6组，组间年龄跨度6个月）执行功能各子成分（工作记忆、抑制控制和认知灵活性）的发展特征。结果表明：（1）随年龄增长，3~6岁儿童执行功能呈上升趋势发展，4岁左右为抑制控制与认知灵活性的高速发展期；（2）执行功能各子成分发展不同步，抑制控制最快，工作记忆最慢；（3）各子成分间呈中度正相关。结论：3~6岁执行功能能力发展迅速，但各子成分的发展进程并不一致；幼儿阶段执行功能测试的年龄分组最好精确到6个月。

Study on the Development of Executive Function Subcomponents in 3-6-year-old Children

Executive Functions, which were rapidly developed at early age, refer to a set of cognitive abilities involved in the control and coordination of information in the service of goal-directed activities. By using a newly developed Executive Function Task Battery, 210 3-6-year-old Chinese children (6 groups, each 6-month interval) were asked to finish the tasks, which test the developmental changes of the subcomponents of Executive Function (Working Memory, Inhibitory Control and Cognitive Flexibility).The results showed that the EF ability were rapidly improved during the development, especially in Inhibitory Control and Cognitive Flexibility of 4-year-old preschoolers; but the EF ability was increased out of step, which Inhibitory Control came first and Working Memory came last. The positive moderate correlations were found between the subcomponents. In conclusion, EF ability improved significantly during the early age, but was not inconformity. We suggest the selection of age on children' EF ability study can be accurate to 6 months.