内部竞争环境下内群体偏好的维持:群体认同和心理距离的影响

内群体偏好对群体及个人的生存发展都有重要价值。研究通过三个实验揭示了个体在内部竞争下维持内群体偏好的机制。实验一操纵内部竞争(有,无)和群体认同(高,低),发现内部竞争破坏了内群体偏好,而群体认同无法改变此破坏作用。实验二操纵内部竞争(有,无)和内群体心理距离(远、近),发现内部竞争破坏内群体偏好时,心理距离能够调节二者的关系,近心理距离有益于个体在内部竞争下维持内群体偏好。实验三进一步分析了心理距离维持内群体偏好的作用机制,发现心理距离通过个体知觉到的内部竞争感而影响内群体偏好。据此可认为,在内部竞争中维持内群体偏好需更多地关注成员间的关系(缩短心理距离),而非单纯地强调个体和群体间的联结(群体认同)。

The Maintenance of Ingroup Favoritism under Intragroup Competition:The Effect of Group Identification and Psychological Distance

Ingroup favoritism is of great value for the survival and development of individuals and groups.Present article conducted three studies to reveal mechanism that individuals maintain ingroup favoritism under intragroup competition.In study 1,we manipulated intragroup competition(present vs.absent)and group identification(high vs.low),and found that intragroup competition indeed damaged ingroup favoritism,and group identification could not buffer the damage to ingroup favoritism.In study 2,we manipulated intragroup competition(present vs.absent)and psychological distance(distal vs.proximal),and found that psychological distance could buffer the damage of intragroup competition on ingroup favoritism.Namely,proximal psychological distance helps to keep ingroup favoritism in the context of intragroup competition.Further,study 3 analyzed the influencing mechanism of how psychological distance working on ingroup favoritism,the results revealed that psychological distance affected individuals' ingroup favoritism through perceived intragroup competition.Together,these findings suggest that under intragroup competition,the maintaining of ingroup favoritism did not rely on the connection between members and groups,but the relationships between members.