早期听觉剥夺后的大脑可塑性：来自先天性听力障碍群体的证据

皮层功能的正常发展依赖于充分的外部感觉信息的输入。先天性听力障碍群体由于经历早期听觉剥夺, 皮层功能往往出现异常。具体表现为初级听皮层功能退化, 初级、次级听皮层的功能连接变弱, 次级听皮层出现跨通道功能重组; 在后天听力重建后听皮层功能重组仍然存在, 言语加工需要更多高级认知资源的补偿。已有研究在探讨听力重建后皮层的长期可塑性机制、复杂声学环境下言语加工机制、汉语言加工独特性等方面尚不深入, 值得进一步研究。

Brain plasticity under early auditory deprivation: Evidence from congenital hearing-impaired people

The development of cerebral cortical depends on the input of external sensory stimuli. Due to early auditory deprivation, congenital hearing-impaired people often have disorders in cortical function. The function of their primary auditory cortex is degraded, the functional connectivity between the primary and the secondary auditory cortex is weakened, and the secondary auditory cortex experience cross-modal reorganization. After hearing restoration, the cross-modal function reorganization remains in the secondary auditory cortex, and speech processing requires complementary higher cognitive resource. Future studies are needed on the long-term plasticity of cortex, the mechanism of speech processing under complex auditory environment, and the uniqueness of Chinese language processing after hearing reconstruction.