不同权力关系对消极特质否定句使用偏向的影响

采用固定反应范式和自由反应范式,通过创设语用情景,考察不同权力关系对消极特质否定句使用偏向的影响。结果表明:(1)低权力者评价高权力者时,被试倾向于使用否定方式(如“不聪明的”),并认为否定的表述方式合适性较高,出现否定偏向;而高权力者评价低权力者,或者权力平级时则没有否定偏向的出现,肯定表述(如“愚蠢的”)被更多使用;(2)权力平级时,社会距离会影响消极特质否定句的使用,社会距离越远,消极特质否定句的使用越少;社会距离越近,消极特质否定句的使用越多。结果表明,权力关系与社会距离是影响消极特质否定句使用偏向的重要因素。

The effects of different power relations on negation bias of negative descriptions

Negation is an important language expression that can be used to euphemistically express a speaker's opinions and wishes. Due to the restriction of realistic situational factors, when an individual uses negative statements to describe behaviors that are inconsistent with experience or expectation, that is called negation bias. China has a high power distance culture between individuals, and people in China pay more respect to authority. The power difference makes individual expression different. High-power individuals show low empathy due to having control of more resources and having less dependence on others, and they tend to express themselves directly in communication. Individuals in low-power positions have needs, and they deal with the difference in power when meeting high-power individuals by using euphemisms of negative expression to maintain communication. Differences in negation used in various power relations are untested, and this study aims to explore these differences through experimental design.