基于因果报应观念的认知调查与厚黑行为抑制效果分析

因果报应是中国传统文化的一个重要观念,至今仍然影响着当下社会大众。研究通过问卷调查来了解社会大众对因果报应的认知与理解,并进一步通过启动实验考察因果报应启动对厚黑行为的抑制效果,研究结果表明:(1)社会大众对因果报应的认知与接纳是一种客观存在,55.83%的被试知晓因果报应,33.81%的被试表示相信因果报应的存在,10.09%的被试表示因果报应很灵验,23.67%的被试表示因果报应影响自己的行为处世,22.96%的被试表示会用因果报应提示教育身边的亲友。(2)因果报应材料的启动能显著地抑制厚黑行为,中性材料的启动不能抑制厚黑行为,因果报应启动的内容与厚黑人格对厚黑行为具有交互效应,因果报应启动能更显著地抑制高厚黑人格被试的厚黑行为。基于社会治理的视角,社会公众对因果报应的接纳成就了其参与社会治理的可能性,因果报应内蕴的道德自律、匡扶正义、累德向善等价值内核成就了其参与社会治理的效用性,因果报应观念应建设性发掘和创造性地转化为当下的社会治理所用。

The Social Survey of Karma and Priming Experiment of Inhibition Effect on Machiavellian Behavior

Karma is an important concept in traditional Chinese culture.Karma don't just means the past actions influence the present and the present actions influence the future,the law of Karma is some kind of cosmic justice system,and some kind of mysterious cosmic force directing karma,rewarding good people and punishing bad people.The lasting influence of Karma passes down generation by generation,till now Karma still impacts the Chinese in the today's society.Through social survey to uncover the acquaintance andapprehension of Karma in the public,the questionnaires are surveyed among 2239 subjects in 2 provinces,and the survey results show that:(1)55.29% of the subjects(1238)know the Karma by different ways,and “ taught by the elders”,“learned from the traditional Chinese culture”,and “study from the religion” rank the top 3 ways mentioned.33.81% of the subjects(757)believe the law of Karma really exists in the world.10.09% of the subjects(226)believe that the law of Karma works effectively,really punishes the evil and rewards the good.23.67% of the subjects(530)use the Karma to guide their behavior and social activities,22.96% of the subjects(530)mention the Karma to their relatives and friends as a warning or a kind of education.Further through the priming experiment to test the inhibition effect of Karma on Machiavellian behavior,237subjects attend the 2*2*2 between subject experiment,the results show that:the priming of Karma can significantly inhibit theMachiavellian behavior,the priming content and the Machiavellian personality interplay on the Machiavellian behavior,the priming of Karma can better inhibit the Machiavellian behavior of the subjects with high Machiavellian personality.Based on the analyses and discussions of the above-mentioned studies,following conclusions were drawn:(1)the acquaintance and acceptance of Karma in the public today is still an objective existence because of the lasting and profound influence of Karma.(2)the priming of Karma can significantly inhibit the Machiavellian behavior.(3)Karma is a complex existence,it can't be simply regarded as spiritual opium that poisons the people,on the contrary,from the perspective of social governance,the Karma can help the upstanding of raising goodness and restraining evil,help the progress of harmonious society and ethical and cultural advancement,and the contents of Karma in traditional religious heritage and folk culture can be selectively processed and creatively transformed for the need of today's better social governance.