环境光照的认知功效及其调节因素与作用机理

自人类视网膜上发现存在新型的内在光敏感神经节细胞以来, 环境光照对个体生理心理功能的非视觉作用备受研究者青睐, 其中环境光照对认知功能的非视觉作用结果并不十分一致且内在机理尚不明确。环境光照的认知功效会受到光学参数、光照模式、时间因素、个体差异以及任务特征等的共同调节。未来的研究需要从环境光对心理认知功能的作用模式, 动态办公照明系统的开发, 面向特殊群体的个性化照明以及光照非视觉作用产生的分子生物学机制等视角进行扩展和深化。

Acute cognitive effect of ambient light exposure and its moderators and underlying mechanism

Since the discovery of the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), an increasing number of studies on Non-image forming effects (NIF) of light revealed evidence for acute changes in the level of alertness, mood and cognitive performance during the biological night and day. Regarding the influence of ambient light on cognitive performance in healthy day-active people, however, studies have revealed even more equivocal findings. Light’s effect on cognition is moderated by many factors, chief among them are the parameters of light (intensity and spectrum), lighting pattern, timing (time of day and year), personality characteristics and the nature of the task. For future research should pay more attention to investigating the relationship between light level and performance with multiple manipulations of light, exploring dynamic lighting system, developing customized personalized luminaire and testing molecular biological mechanism of NIF effect of light.