5~6岁自闭症儿童与正常儿童的辨别反转学习研究

采用条件性辨别反转范式，考察自闭症儿童与正常儿童的反转灵活性。44名5~6岁儿童（24名自闭症儿童，20名正常儿童）参加了辨别反转学习。结果显示：⑴在习得阶段，两类儿童都能辨别两个不同的条件性刺激；⑵在晚期反转阶段，正常儿童在晚期反转阶段升高了对新的条件性厌恶刺激的主观预期值，辨别了新的条件性刺激，而自闭症儿童在晚期反转阶段对新的条件性厌恶刺激的主观预期值没有显著性变化，无法辨别新的条件性刺激。研究结果表明，5~6岁自闭症儿童反转灵活性存在缺陷。

Discrimination Reversal Learning Between Autism And Their Typically Developing Children Aged 5~6 Years Old

To examine the reversal flexibility in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), compared with typically developing (TD) children. Forty-four children aged from 5~6 years old (ASD, n=24 and TD, n=20) participated a simple discrimination reversal learning. The results showed that, at the acquisition stage, both ASD and TD groups demonstrated greater sound expectances to a conditioned stimulus (CS) that predicted an aversive sound than for another CS that never followed by the aversive sound. At the reversal learning stage, during the late stage of reversal, the TD group responded more strongly to the new CS that followed by the aversive sound. However, the ASD group had no significant change in the sound expectances of the new CS, indiscriminating the two new conditioned stimuli. The current study demonstrated the reversal flexibility deficit in 5-6-year-old children with ASD.