老年人乐观、领悟社会支持与主观幸福感的关系——控制策略的中介作用

基于毕生控制理论,方便选取杭州市60～95岁的老年人320名,采用问卷法考察了老年人控制策略使用的现状和特点,并在控制了年龄、健康状况、日常活动数量后,探讨了老年人的乐观、领悟社会支持与主观幸福感的关系,以及控制策略的中介作用。结果发现:低龄的老年男性和女性更偏好选择初级和补偿初级策略,而高龄老年女性更偏好补偿初级策略;乐观和领悟社会支持不仅可以直接影响老年人的主观幸福感,还可以通过选择初级策略间接影响主观幸福感。初级控制在老年人中依然具有首要性地位,老年人的资源越丰富,越有可能采用积极的控制策略(选择初级),进而提高主观幸福感,实现成功老龄化。

The Relationship between Optimism,Perceived Social Support and Subjective Well-being of The Elderly: The Mediating Role of Control Strategies

Based on the life-span theory of control, 320 elderly people aged 60 to 95 in Hangzhou were selected by convenient sampling, this study aimed to investigate the status quo and characteristics of control strategies of the elderly by questionnaire, and to explore the relationship between optimism, perceived social support and subjective well-being, and the mediating effect of control strategies on resources and subjective well-being after controlling age, health condition and the amount of daily activities. The results showed that:The young-old men and women preferred selective primary strategy and compensatory primary strategy, while the old-old women preferred compensatory primary strategy; Optimism and perceived social support can not only influenced subjective well-being directly, but also influenced subjective well-being indirectly by selective primary strategy. This study found that primary control among the elderly still had the prime status. The elderly who had more resources to be more likely to adopt a positive control strategy (selective primary control) to improve their subjective well-being and achieve successful aging.