退休规划的研究现状和本土化发展

退休规划是个体在退休前为保障将来的退休生活做出的长期准备。退休规划不仅有利于退休人员生活幸福, 还有助于缓解社会保障体系的压力, 在较早进入老龄化的国家已经得到重视。通过回顾国外相关研究, 本文归纳出退休规划的六个具体领域(财务、健康、社交休闲、工作、心理、居住), 总结并评价了过去研究应用的主要理论基础(角色理论、计划过程理论、资源视角、生态系统理论)和有代表性的测量工具。汇总分析了退休规划在人口学、环境和心理三层面上的影响因素以及对过渡型就业和退休适应两阶段的影响。基于研究概念的发展以及中国国情, 未来研究应该首先开发本土化工具, 合理选择理论视角并系统研究规划的各个领域, 验证并创新退休规划的影响因素研究, 注重中国国情问题并加强干预研究。

Research status and localization development of retirement planning

Retirement planning refers to one’s long-term effort in preparation for his/her post-retirement life. It has garnered increasing attention in countries that have entered into aging societies. Retirement planning will not only benefit retirees’ well-being, but will also help reduce the pressure confronted by the Social Security system. Based on the literature of retirement planning, this review provides a summary of studies in six major planning domains (i.e., financial, health and well-being-related, social activities/leisure-related, work-related, psychological, and housing), four main theoretical framework (i.e., role theory, planning- process theory, resource theory, and ecological systems theory), and representative measurement. Furthermore, this review discussed demographic factors, environment factors, and psychological factors as the antecedents of retirement planning and its consequences on bridge employment and retirement adjustment. According to the theoretical development and the current realities in China, it is recommended that future research should develop localized measurement tools, choose the appropriate theoretical framework, and systematically study retirement planning in various domains. Future research should also innovatively examine other antecedents of retirement planning. In addition, researchers could conduct intervention studies on retirement planning that correspond to China’s national realities.