信息提供者的先前准确性对幼儿选择性信任的影响

作为社会学习的个体，幼儿从3岁起就能根据信息提供者先前准确性的差异对其可信程度进行评估。通过对以往研究效应量的整理分析发现，随年龄增长，幼儿对高先前准确性信息提供者的信任程度表现出增长趋势（3岁幼儿选择的效应量中值为d_询问=0.60，d_赞同=0.61；4岁幼儿的效应量中值为d_询问=0.80，d_赞同=0.96）。在运用先前准确性进行评估时，幼儿主要关注信息提供者是否犯错，灵活使用"整体印象"和"特质推测"两种认知策略对其未来行为进行推测。幼儿能够根据自身对材料的感知对信息提供者的可信程度进行动态调整，其心理理论发展水平和执行功能限制了他们的选择信任，而信息提供者同时具有的社会性因素对幼儿的选择也具有干扰作用（幼儿信任准确的信息提供者的效应量中值为d_询问=-0.03，d_赞同=-0.17）。未来研究可以改进实验范式，进一步探查先前准确性对幼儿选择性信任的影响，拓展信息提供者的呈现方式和其它多重特征，关注不同类别的信息提供者。

Children's Selective Trust: The Role of Informant's Previous Accuracy

As a social learner, even 3-year-old children can evaluate the credibility of informants with a variety of attributes. However, previous studies showed inconsistent results about the role of informant's previous accuracy on children's selective trust. In this article, we reviewed studies which children select and assess information based on informants' previous accuracy with "familiarization-test" paradigms. It was found children believed that previous accurate informant were more trustworthy than previous inaccurate one. When making trust choices, children mainly monitored informant's inaccuracy, and apply "global impression" and "trait reasoning" these two cognitive strategies flexibly to predict informant's future behavior. Moreover, children could make a dynamically adjustment according to the different situations and backgrounds. In the meanwhile, children's personal experience and the level of their cognitive development (i.e., theory of mind and executive function) limited their trust preference choices. Future studies might improve the research paradigm, extend the way of presentation, focus on the multiple characteristics and different ontological categories of informants.