网络公益平台默认选项设置对个人捐赠意愿的影响及作用机制

本文探讨了在网络公益背景下默认选项金额对个人捐赠意愿的影响及其心理机制。通过4个实验,本文发现在网络公益平台中将默认选项设置为高金额会显著地减少个人的捐赠意愿,而感知被操控在该影响过程中起到了中介作用。具体而言,当公益机构将默认选项的金额设置为高金额(vs.低金额)时,人们的被操控感知增强,进而捐赠意愿降低,产生了默认效应的反作用。此外,个体道德认同水平在这一影响中发挥了调节作用。当个体道德认同水平较低时,高金额默认选项(vs.低金额默认选项)会降低其捐赠意愿,而对于道德认同水平较高的个体而言,他们的捐赠意愿在高/低金额默认选项时不存在显著差异。研究结论推进了默认效应在捐赠决策领域的理论研究,同时对于当前快速发展的网络公益平台进行捐赠金额的设置具有重要的实践意义。

The backfire effect of default amounts on donation behavior in online donation platform

Increasingly, people are turning to the online donation platform as their preferred means of giving. Thus, determining how donors’ donation intention on the web can be improved has been increasingly emphasized. However, few studies have explored how the option settings of online donation platform affect individuals’ donation behavior. Based on the literature of default effect and marketplace metacognition, we proposed that default amounts (high vs. low) have negative effect on donation intention in an online call-for-donation message. High default amounts (vs. low default amounts) led to lower donation intention, because it triggered individuals’ perceived inference of manipulation. This study also examined the moderating role of individuals’ moral identity in the aforementioned effect.