高中生价值观对学校投入的影响:未来目标和动机内化程度的中介作用

为了考察价值观是否可以通过未来目标和动机内化程度影响高中生的学校投入,对六个城市七所学校的1022名高一学生的价值观、未来目标、学习动机内化程度及学校投入进行了调查。结果表明:(1)自我超越型价值观和自我完善型价值观能够使青少年发展出内在未来目标以及较为内化的学习动机,进而更加努力学习,而物质主义价值观则会使青少年形成外在未来目标以及较为外化的学习动机,进而更少投入学习;(2)当考虑价值观对未来目标的作用时,内外在未来目标不影响青少年的学习动机,但影响学校投入;(3)当不考虑价值观对未来目标的作用时,内在未来目标能够促进青少年学习动机的内化,进而更多地投入到学习中,而外在未来目标则会阻碍青少年学习动机的内化,进而更少投入学习。研究结果表明青少年的价值观比未来目标对学习有更重要的影响,说明学生发展指导工作中更应该注重价值观教育。

The Influence of High School Students' Values on School Engagement: The Mediating Role of Future Goals and Motivation Internalization

The aim of this study is to examine whether values can influence school engagement of senior high school students by influencing their future goals and motivation internalization in the context of China. Using convenient sampling, 1022 high school students from 7 schools in six cities were selected as participants. Each participant was asked to fill out values scale, future goals scale, learning motivation scale, school engagement scale. The results showed that:(1) Beyond-the-self-oriented values and improve-the-self-oriented values were linked to more school engagement, and this link was mediated by intrinsic future goals and by more internalized learning motivation, while materialism was linked to less school engagement, and this link was mediated by extrinsic future goals and by more externalized learning motivation; (2) Considering the role of values on future goals, the influence of future goals on learning motivation became insignificant, while it was still significant on school engagement; (3) Not considering the role of values on future goals, intrinsic future goals were linked directly to more school engagement, and this link was mediated by more internalized learning motivation, while extrinsic future goals were linked directly to fewer school engagement, and this link was mediated by more externalized learning motivation. The results of this study revealed that values had greater influence on academic development than future goals did, and the results implicated that career education should pay more attention to values education.