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从整合的角度看联结记忆中的项目再认
引用本文:刘泽军,王余娟,郭春彦. 从整合的角度看联结记忆中的项目再认[J]. 心理科学进展, 2019, 27(3): 490-498. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.00490
作者姓名:刘泽军  王余娟  郭春彦
作者单位:1. 首都师范大学心理学院, 北京市“学习与认知重点实验室”, 北京 100037;2. 重庆理工大学知识产权学院, 重庆 400000
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助(31671127);获首都师范大学科技创新服务能力建设基本科研业务费支持(025- 185305000/200)
摘    要:联结记忆由三种成分构成:项目1, 项目2以及项目1-项目2之间的联结, 其中, 对项目1和项目2的再认称之为项目再认, 而对项目1-项目2之间联结的再认称之为联结再认。双加工理论认为项目再认可以由熟悉性和回想加工来完成, 而联结再认只能由回想加工来完成。但近期有大量的研究发现:当要学习的项目对被整合为一个新的整体表征时, 熟悉性也能够支持联结再认。而关于整合对联结记忆中项目再认的研究较少, 总结已有研究提出两种观点:一种是“只有受益”观点(benefits-only)认为整合在增加联结再认的同时不影响项目再认; 另一种是“收支平衡”观点(costs and benefits)认为整合增加联结再认是以牺牲项目再认为代价的。未来研究应该关注整合对联结记忆中项目再认的影响及其神经机制, 了解整合对联结再认和项目再认的具体作用, 有助于针对具体记忆任务选择合适的编码方式来提高记忆表现。

关 键 词:联结记忆  项目再认  整合  熟悉性  回想  
收稿时间:2018-01-23

Investigating the item recognition in associative memory: A unitization perspective
LIU Zejun,WANG Yujuan,GUO Chunyan. Investigating the item recognition in associative memory: A unitization perspective[J]. Advances In Psychological Science, 2019, 27(3): 490-498. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.00490
Authors:LIU Zejun  WANG Yujuan  GUO Chunyan
Affiliation:1. Beijing Key Laboratory of “Learning & Cognition”, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037, China;2. Intellectual Property School of Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
Abstract:Associative memory (item 1 - item 2) has three discrete components: item 1, item 2, and the association between item 1 and item 2. The recognition of item 1 and item 2 is referred to as item recognition, whereas the recognition of the pairing relationship between item1 and item2 is called associative recognition. The dual-process theory posits that both familiarity and recollection can contribute to item recognition, though associative recognition can only be supported by recollection. Nonetheless, many recent studies found otherwise, particularly when the to-be-learned items are perceived as a single unitized representation during the study, familiarity can also contribute to associative recognition. However, very few studies have yet to examine the role of unitization on item recognition in associative memory. Currently, there are two opposing point of views. One is the ‘benefits only’ account, which claims that unitization can increase the associative recognition without affecting the item recognition; the other is the ‘costs and benefits’ account, which claims that the unitization increases the associative recognition at the cost of item recognition. Future studies are needed to investigate the impact of unitization on item recognition in associative memory and its neural mechanisms. Understanding the specific role of unitization in item and associative recognition will help to select appropriate encoding methods for specific memory tasks to improve memory performance.
Keywords:associative memory  item recognition  unitization  familiarity  recollection  
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