自闭症谱系障碍个体的焦虑：发生机制、评估与治疗

自闭症谱系障碍是一种神经发育性障碍, 主要表现为社会交往互动障碍和重复刻板性行为。焦虑或焦虑障碍常被认为是自闭症个体最普遍的共病之一。焦虑与自闭症之间的关系尚不明确, 自闭症个体的焦虑与无法忍受不确定性、杏仁核功能和体积、情绪调节策略、消极思维存在一定关联; 目前已经开发出专门用于自闭症个体焦虑的评估工具; 修订版认知行为疗法对自闭症个体焦虑的治疗取得了良好效果。未来的研究应着重探索自闭症个体焦虑的认知与神经机制, 检验专用评估工具的有效性, 继续关注现代技术(如虚拟现实技术)对自闭症个体焦虑的治疗效果。

Anxiety in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Mechanism,assessment and treatment

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication and restrictive and repetitive behaviors. Anxiety or anxiety disorders are commonly believed to be one of the most common comorbidities in individuals with autism. The relationship between anxiety and autism is unclear. Anxiety in individuals with autism is associated with intolerance of uncertainty, the function and volume of amygdale, emotional regulation strategies and negative thoughts. Assessment instruments have been developed specifically for anxiety in autistic individuals; modified cognitive behavior therapy for the treatment of anxiety in individuals with autism has achieved good results. Future research should focus on exploring the cognition and neuro-mechanism of anxiety in individuals with autism, verifying the effectiveness of the specialized assessment measures, as well as studying the treatment effect of modern technologies, such as virtual reality, on the anxiety of individuals with autism.