人际交往能力与生命意义的关系:孤独感和年级的作用

基于存在主义心理学理论，本研究采用人际交往能力问卷、孤独感量表和生命意义量表对福建省三所大学的1476名大一和大二学生进行调查，考察人际交往能力与生命意义的关系，以及孤独感的中介作用和年级的调节作用。结果表明：（1）交往能力和孤独感存在显著的性别差异。男生的交往能力显著高于女生，孤独感显著低于女生；（2）交往能力与孤独感呈显著负相关，与拥有意义和追寻意义均呈显著正相关，而孤独感与它们均呈显著负相关；（3）孤独感在交往能力与拥有生命意义之间的中介作用受到年级的调节。与大二学生相比，大一新生孤独感的中介效应更大。研究结果在一定程度上揭示了交往能力对生命意义的作用过程，为针对性提升大学新生生命意义提供方向指导和实证依据。

The Association between Interpersonal Competence and Meaning in Life: Roles of Loneliness and Grade

Based on the perspectives of existential psychology, a moderated mediation model was examined in the present study, in which loneliness mediated the relation between interpersonal competence and meaning in life, and the meditating effect was moderated by grade. We surveyed 1476 college students (freshmen and sophomores) from three colleges at Fujian province using the Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire and the Illinois Loneliness Questionnaire. The results indicated that: (1) There were gender differences on interpersonal competence and loneliness. Boys gained significant higher scores of interpersonal competence and lower scores in loneliness than girls; (2) Interpersonal competence was significantly and negatively related to loneliness, but significantly and positively related to presence of meaning in life and search for meaning in life. However, loneliness was significantly and negatively related to presence of meaning in life and search for meaning in life; (3) Loneliness served as a mediator in the relation between interpersonal competence and presence of meaning in life. Also the mediating effect of loneliness in the relation was moderated by grade. As compared to sophomores, larger mediating effect size of loneliness was found in the freshmen. Results were discussed in terms of the meaning and implications of the interpersonal competence promoting presence of meaning in life in the context of the psychological education of adjustment for freshmen.