儿童拒绝敏感性与自我知觉的关系:一项交叉滞后研究

采用儿童拒绝敏感性问卷与儿童自我知觉量表对596名中小学儿童进行了为期一年的追踪调查，通过交叉滞后回归分析考察儿童拒绝敏感性与多种自我知觉间的预测关系。结果发现：（1）自我知觉的年级差异显著，初中儿童的自我知觉水平较低；（2）在两次测量中，拒绝敏感性与多种自我知觉均呈显著的负相关；（3）控制性别、年级以及自身稳定性之后，第一年的多种自我知觉均可以负向预测第二年的拒绝敏感性，而第一年的拒绝敏感性仅可以负向预测第二年的体貌及一般自我知觉；（4）年级调节了拒绝敏感性与一般和行为自我知觉间的纵向关系，并在小学与初中儿童中表现出不同的模式。研究证实自我知觉是儿童拒绝敏感性形成的重要原因之一，为儿童社会认知及心理健康的相关研究提供新的实证依据。

Relations between Children's Rejection Sensitivity and Self-perception: A Cross-lagged Study

To explore the relation between rejection sensitivity and different types of self-perception, Children's Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (CRSQ) and Harter's Self Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) were used to collect 596 children's self-reported one-year longitudinal data and examined the relation through a cross-lagged analysis. The results indicated that: (1) children in middle school had significantly lower scores on the self-perception of cognition, social acceptance, physical appearance, athletic competence, behavioral conduct and general self-worth than children in elementary school; (2) among the data of the first and second year, children's rejection sensitivity were significantly and negatively associated with all indices of different types of self-perception; (3) according to the cross-lagged analysis, after controlling for the effects of gender, grade and self-stability, six types of self-perception at Time 1 significantly and negatively predicted rejection sensitivity at Time 2, but rejection sensitivity at Time 1 only predicted self-perception of physical appearance and general self-worth at Time 2; (4) the longitudinal predictive relations between rejection sensitivity and self-perception of self-worth and behavioral conduct were moderated by grade. Rejection sensitivity at Time 1 predicted self-perception of general self-worth at Time 2 significantly only for middle-school children, but not elementary school children. Also, self-perception of behavioral conduct at Time 1 significantly predicted rejection sensitivity at Time 2 for elementary school children, and not the other way around, which is the opposite to children in middle school. Self-esteem can be divided into different types of self-perception. These findings suggest that individual self-esteem is one of the important reasons for children's rejection sensitivity, especially for older children, which can enlighten future research on children's social cognition and mental health.