任务难度与部分线索效应

部分线索效应是指在学习一个词表后，呈现已学项目中的一部分作为回忆线索去回忆其他项目时，回忆效果反而不如没有线索组的效果好。研究通过三个实验探讨了不同任务难度的部分线索效应。结果表明：（1）在中文词表记忆中存在部分线索效应；（2）随着学习材料难度的提高由部分线索造成的提取成绩的削减量降低。这一研究结果支持了部分线索效应的策略破坏假说。

The Ease-of-task and Part-list Cuing Effect

The so-called part-list cuing effect is that a presentation of a subset of learned items as retrieval cues can have detrimental effects on recall of the remaining items.In a nutshell,when people are asked to recall words they have studied earlier from a list,those given a subset of these words as cues recall fewer words than people who do not receive any cues.The effect of part-list cuing has been found to be very robust in both episodic and semantic memory,and it is present with both noncategorized and categorized lists.There were three experiments in the current study to investigate the Part-list cuing effect with Chinese words.All of them used the same design model which included study-test circle.All the participants learned an identical words list of 30 items in the study phase,after that the participants of the control group were instructed to free recall all the items in the uncued condition;the cued group were provided with a subset of 10 intralist items and used them as retrieval cues for recalling the remaining items.The different performance between the cued group and the uncued group showed the size of the effect.Experiment 1 used 30 words unrelated semantically.What the subjects studied in Experiment 2 were 30 words out of 6 categories but presented randomly when they were studied.In Experiment 3 other 30 words were used out of those 6 categories as well while presented in the way of categories.The findings show that ① when the material is noncategorized lists,those given a subset of these words as cues recall fewer words than people who do not receive any cues;② when the material is categorized lists presented in a random order,the cues also have an inhibitory effect on recall.③ The cues also have an inhibitory effect on recall,when the material is categorized lists presented in a way of category.④The easier the materials are,the lower the part-list cuing size appears.The major findings of the study are that the part-list cuing effect exists in Chinese vocabulary memory task whatever the study words are difficult or not and no matter whether the orders of presenting the study words are random or in the way of category;second,the size of the part-list cuing effect is reduced while the degrees difficulties of study items are getting lower and lower.